Dahlia - The ‘Ugly Duckling’ that turns into a ‘Swan’!

It's like a modern-day fairy tale! When you see the Tuber or Bulb of the Dahlia it really is not much for the eyes to behold - some would call it straight out ugly. But when you put in the time and effort of planting and caring for these bulbs they will reward you with a spectacle of beauty that is close to a swan!

Dahlias have a Latin background and are native to Mexico and South America and are in the same family as Asters. They have a very long flowering season and can flower for up to 4 months, if they are cared for and pruned correctly. The Dahlia flowers symbolize commitment, beauty and steadfastness because of their long flowering period. They also have a hidden meaning of good luck and support - so to a person who is going through a lot of changes in life this gift, as  a cut flower, will certainly mean a lot.

Dahlia bulbs need to be put in the ground when the frost has passed - the best is springtime when the soil is warming up. In areas with a very cold winter season, they need to be removed from the soil, but in areas without a harsh cold winter they can be left in the ground throughout the season. They also do well in containers, although they will need a support system to keep them steady in the wind. When you plant your Dahlia bulb, dig a hole of 10-15cm deep, spread out the tubers attached to the main point but do not separate the tubers.  The main point should be pointed to the top of the soil and then cover the bulb with soil and water moderately - it does not require a lot of water in the bulb stage. If you plant them in a container, make sure that there is about 5cm of soil under the bulb. You can use classic freedom farm soil and remember to put a stake in to support your plant as it grows.

The dahlia prefers to be in a sunny position with sunlight preferably in the morning for a good 6-8 hours. They love moisture and need to be watered regularly but only when the plant is growing above the ground. The tuber itself doesn’t need a lot of water and can in fact rot if overwatered. They do not like windy areas and need to be sheltered because the stalks can grow up to 1m high. (The Dahlia Dinnerplate variety has a big head and can span 30cm across, so supporting this will be crucial)

Do not water your bulbs a lot before they have reached the surface of the soil. Also do not use a lot of fertilizer on the bulbs, but rather make sure you use well-drained soil before you start. Using a small amount of fertilizer, similar to vegetable fertilizer, like vita veg, in the beginning when your bulb sprouts will be sufficient - not too much otherwise there will be less flowers. If the tubers become exposed above the soil, simply cover them with soil.

When the plant is about 30cm tall, you can encourage the formation of a bushy plant by pinching the main stem to encourage side shoots. If you 'deadhead' the buds and keep on pruning and pinching, you will have a longer flowering season. Dahlias only need to be taken out of the soil in very cold harsh conditions with freezing temperatures. When the first frost starts the leaves will turn black, then you can take the bulb out. Wait till you are ready to take them out before you cut the stem. Then rinse the soil of the bulbs and let them dry. You can store them in a container with vermiculite and store in a well-ventilated area.

Dahlia flowers are beautiful for weddings and birthdays or just in your garden to enjoy!  The plants are very versatile though, so we should not just value them for their petals, which were also used by the ancient civilizations in South America to treat rashes and skin infections and can also be used in warm water for a foot soak. The tubers can also be eaten, as they have a sugary taste and can be roasted like a vegetable. The flowers are mostly used in Mexican baking and in Mexican dishes, including dips, or simply as a garnish. 

 

This truly is an amazing plant that gives a lot to their caretaker! You might see yourself as the parent to the ugly duckling, but raising a beautiful swan...so be prepared to be amazed!

About the Author

Adele Siemssen is the Seeds for Africa Operations supervisor.  Adele is a qualified horticulturist with 30 years of hands on experience and loves pets and assisting customers to make their garden dreams come true!